糖尿病患者不同感染部位分离大肠埃希菌的耐药性比较

目的 研究糖尿病患者不同感染部位分离的大肠埃希菌的耐药谱,为临床用药提供治疗参考.方法 收集医院2007年1月—2011年12月就诊的糖尿病患者送检的各种标本中分离的大肠埃希菌,用VITEK-2 Compact微生物自动鉴定仪对菌种鉴定及药敏分析,结果用WHONET5.4软件进行分析.结果 分离出大肠埃希菌448株,其中痰液、尿液、脓液、血液及其他标本中分别分离出173、112、85、63、15株；痰液和尿液分离株对多种抗菌药物的耐药率普遍高于血液和脓液分离株的耐药率；尿液中分离的大肠埃希菌对氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星的耐药率分别为60.71％和57.14％,高于其他3种标本分离的大肠埃希菌；痰液、尿液、脓液、血液检出产ESBLs菌株阳性率依次为38.15％、44.64％、22.35％、12.7％；产ESBLs株耐药性严重,但对β-内酰胺酶复合抑制剂的敏感性较高；痰液标本中出现4株耐亚胺培南大肠埃希菌,均为产ESBLs菌株.结论 不间断地对糖尿病患者不同部位感染的大肠埃希菌及其耐药性进行监测,可为糖尿病患者感染防治提供合理用药依据.     

The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.     

The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.     

糖尿病乳酸陛酸中毒12例临床分析

目的探讨糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒的临床特点。方法对12例糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果12例患者均为文盲,糖尿病病程2-16年,服用的降糖药物中,4例为苯乙双胍,5例为二甲双胍,3例为中成药;在服药期间,较少监测血糖或肾功能;临床表现不典型;4例患者入院后行床旁持续静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）治疗并抢救成功;8例经积极抢救病情好转出院,4例因酸中毒时间较长,导致休克、弥散性血管内凝血而死亡。结论对高龄、依从性差、未定期监测血糖的患者,应慎用二甲双胍;遇急症时,应暂停或减量使用双胍类药物;CVVH治疗糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒疗效确切;老年患者切忌服用成分不详的中成药;延误治疗时间过长致使病情过于严重是治疗失败的主要原因,疑糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒者应及时检测血清乳酸并行血气分析,以免延误治疗时机。     

2型糖尿病院内获得性肺炎34例病原学检测临床分析

目的了解2型糖尿病(T2DM)院内获得性肺炎(HP)病原学构成及耐药情况.方法回顾性分析34例T2DM并发HP患者病原菌,2次或2次以上培养到同一病原菌确认为致病菌,药敏试验采用Kirby-bauer法作分析.结果 34例患者临床分离到28株病原菌,其中革兰阴性杆菌(GNB)占89.3%,主要致病菌有肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌等,药敏分析发现对常用抗菌药物耐药情况严重,而对酶复合制剂、四代头孢和碳青酶烯类药物相对耐药率较低;其中3株革兰阳性杆菌(GPB)对万古霉素均敏感.结论 T2DM并发 HP病原菌多为GNB,且常见为多耐药菌株,病原学检测和药敏分析对指导临床合理用药有着非常重要的意义.     

老年糖尿病患者的营养状态和感染

目的了解合并感染与不合并感染的老年糖尿病患者间营养状态的差别，观察营养状态对感染的影响，以期减少感染发生率。方法运用微量营养评估表（MNA）进行评分，同时检测血清白蛋白，前白蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、C-反应蛋白、糖化血红蛋白、淋巴细胞计数，测量并计算体重指数、三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围。结果两组糖尿病患者间的MNA评分、上臂肌围、淋巴细胞计数、白蛋白和前白蛋白差异存在显著性（P〈0．05），感染组低于未感染组。结论老年糖尿病患者由于蛋白质营养不良，易于合并感染，而感染将进一步加重营养不良，造成恶性循环。改善糖尿病患者的营养状态对降低糖尿病患者的感染发生率有益。     

血清同型半胱氨酸水平与2型糖尿病肾病发病的关系研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病肾病患者血清同型半胱氨酸（Hey）水平与肾脏病变的关系。方法60例2型糖尿病患者按尿白蛋白排泄情况分为两组：无糖尿病肾病组（NDN组）30例,糖尿病肾病组（DN组）30例;另选健康体检者30例为对照组。分别测定血清Hey、血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标。结果NDN组血清Hey水平（15．2±6．1）umol／L明显高于对照组（10．6±3．6）umol／L（P〈0．01）,又明显低于DN组（22．5±8．1）umol／L（P〈0．01）。结论高同型半胱氨酸血症是DN的危险因子。     

The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.     

药物性低血糖昏迷32例临床分析

低血糖昏迷是临床急症 ,临床上易与脑血管意外、糖尿病高渗性昏迷、糖尿病酮症酸中毒昏迷等混淆造成误诊。若治疗不及时 ,可引起脑细胞不可逆损害及重要脏器损害 ,甚至危及生命。我科 1 997～ 2 0 0 2年共收治低血糖昏迷 32例 ,现分析报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组男 1 2例 ,女 2 0例 ;年龄 43～ 87岁 ,平均 67 5岁 ,其中 >60岁 2 5例 ,占 78%。有明确 2型糖尿病史 2 3例 ,病程半年至 2 8年。其中糖尿病肾病终末期 7例 ,血肌酐 42 9 2～ 589 2 μmol/L ,临床糖尿病肾病期 4例 ,尿蛋白 (+)～ ( ) ,早期糖尿病肾病期 2例 ,1 0例…     

糖尿病乳酸陛酸中毒12例临床分析

目的 探讨糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒的临床特点.方法 对12例糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 12例患者均为文盲,糖尿病病程2-16年,服用的降糖药物中,4例为苯乙双胍,5例为二甲双胍,3例为中成药;在服药期间,较少监测血糖或肾功能;临床表现不典型;4例患者入院后行床旁持续静脉.静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗并抢救成功;8例经积极抢救病情好转出院,4例因酸中毒时间较长,导致休克、弥散性血管内凝血而死亡.结论 对高龄、依从性差、未定期监测血糖的患者,应慎用二甲双胍;遇急症时,应暂停或减量使用双胍类药物;CVVH治疗糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒疗效确切;老年患者切忌服用成分不详的中成药;延误治疗时间过长致使病情过于严重是治疗失败的主要原因,疑糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒者应及时检测血清乳酸并行血气分析,以免延误治疗时机.